Understanding Cataracts: Debunking 6 Common Myths

This article aims to address these misconceptions and provide current, evidence-based information about cataracts.

Myth 1: Cataract Happens to Older People Only

While cataracts are commonly associated with aging, recent trends show an increasing number of younger adults developing early-onset cataracts. Research indicates that various factors contribute to premature cataract formation, including:

• Genetic predisposition

• Dietary habits and nutritional deficiencies

• Severe myopia

• Extended UV exposure

• Long-term steroid medication use

Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to corticosteroids, whether through oral medication, nasal sprays, inhalers, or eye drops, can accelerate cataract formation.

Related article: Cataract Surgery in Singapore: A Complete Guide to Symptoms, Costs, and Recovery

Myth 2: Cataract-Only Eye Screening

Many Singaporeans ask their ophthalmologist if they can just screen their eyes for cataracts in order to save costs. However, modern ophthalmology emphasizes the importance of comprehensive eye examinations rather than isolated cataract screening. This approach is crucial because:

1. Multiple eye conditions can coexist, potentially affecting vision quality

2. Concurrent conditions like glaucoma or retinal issues may require simultaneous treatment

3. Early detection of other eye problems can improve overall treatment outcomes

Myth 3: Waiting For Cataracts to 'Ripen'

Some people think that they have to wait for their cataracts to 'ripe' before they can go for cataract surgery. There's some historical basis behind this statement. Traditionally, cataract surgery was done by making a large 11 mm wound, and removing the entire cataract lens. This made it necessary for the cataract to be hard or ‘ripe’ enough for surgery to be a success.

Technological and medical advancements have eliminated the traditional need to wait for cataracts to "ripen" before surgery, since cataract surgery nowadays involves making a tiny 2 mm wound.

It's therefore no longer necessary to wait for a cataract to 'ripen'. Conversely, it's actually easier to remove a cataract that's not so hard or dense.

Myth 4: Perfect Vision After Cataract Surgery

Our ability to see objects at varying distances depends on the natural flexibility of the eye's lens. As we age, particularly around 40 years old, this flexibility gradually diminishes, making it harder to focus on nearby objects. This age-related condition is known as presbyopia.

While many hope for a permanent solution to presbyopia, there is no way to fully restore the lens's youthful flexibility. However, there are strategies to manage the condition:

1. Monovision Approach: During cataract surgery, a specialized lens can be implanted to correct vision differently in each eye—one eye is optimized for distance vision, while the other is set for near vision. Over time, the brain adapts to this arrangement, allowing for clear vision at both distances without the need for glasses.

2. Multifocal Lenses: Another option is the use of multifocal lenses, which are designed to provide clear vision at multiple distances. However, these lenses may reduce contrast sensitivity, making them unsuitable for some individuals, especially those with certain pre-existing eye conditions. An eye care professional can assess whether this option is appropriate for you.

It’s worth noting that even with multifocal lenses, reading glasses may still be necessary for prolonged close-up tasks, as eye strain can occur over time.

Myth 5: Cataracts Can Come Back Again After Surgery

One of the most common questions I hear from patients is, “Will my cataract come back, and how long will the implanted lens last?”

The good news is that the artificial lens is designed to last a lifetime, and once a cataract is removed, it does not return.

However, in some cases, the implanted lens may develop cloudiness over time due to the natural buildup of the body’s cells. If this occurs, a quick and painless laser procedure—taking just about five minutes—can be performed to clear the cloudiness and restore clarity. So, there’s no need to worry!

Myth 6: Cost Considerations

Cataract surgery in restructured hospitals may be subsidized for eligible patients.

However, those opting for subsidized rates typically do not have access to premium lens options or more personalized treatments unless they choose to pay the full, unsubsidized cost.

Interestingly, when comparing unsubsidized rates between government and private hospitals, you might find that some private hospitals offer competitive pricing—sometimes even lower than government hospital rates.

Taking Preventive Measures

To summarize the key points:

• Regular eye check-ups are essential, and it’s never too early to start.

• Protecting yourself from cataracts is possible by wearing UV-protective eyewear, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding self-medication.

• A comprehensive eye exam, including a thorough retinal evaluation, is crucial. Healthy retinas are a cornerstone of good vision.

• When it comes to eye care, cost shouldn’t be the primary deciding factor. Opt for a personalized treatment plan that aligns with your lifestyle and needs.